From oceans to orbit. Keep discovering.

50 new calculators

1. Celsius → Fahrenheit — Convert measured Celsius air temperature. (atmosphere)
2. Fahrenheit → Celsius — Convert Fahrenheit temperatures for meteorology. (atmosphere)
3. Celsius → Kelvin — Convert to the absolute temperature scale. (atmosphere)
4. Kelvin → Celsius — Convert absolute Kelvin temperature to Celsius. (atmosphere)
5. Pressure: hPa → inHg — Convert atmospheric pressure from hectopascals. (atmosphere)
6. Pressure: inHg → hPa — Convert atmospheric pressure from inches of mercury. (atmosphere)
7. Wind: m/s → km/h — Convert wind speed to kilometers per hour. (atmosphere)
8. Wind: km/h → knots — Convert wind speed for maritime and meteorological use. (atmosphere)
9. Wind Beaufort number — Estimate integer Beaufort force from speed. (atmosphere)
10. Apparent heat index — Estimated hot-weather apparent temperature with NOAA regression. (atmosphere)
11. Wind-chill index — Approximate perceived cold under windy conditions. (atmosphere)
12. Dew-point temperature — Estimate the temperature when air becomes saturated. (atmosphere)
13. Approximate cloud base — Approximate lifted condensation level from temperature and dew point. (atmosphere)
14. Pressure by altitude — Standard atmosphere estimate at height above sea level. (atmosphere)
15. Dry air density — Estimate density using ideal gas law. (atmosphere)
16. Underwater pressure (bar) — Hydrostatic seawater pressure including air at surface. (ocean)
17. Underwater pressure (psi) — Convert absolute seawater hydrostatic pressure to psi. (ocean)
18. Depth from water pressure — Estimate water depth from absolute bar reading. (ocean)
19. Echo sounder depth — Determine distance from two-way echo travel time. (ocean)
20. Shallow-water wave speed — Estimate long-wave propagation speed by depth. (ocean)
21. Deep-water wavelength — Estimate wavelength from wave period. (ocean)
22. Deep-water wave speed — Estimate deep-water phase velocity. (ocean)
23. Ocean wave energy density — Mean energy per horizontal area for regular waves. (ocean)
24. Deep-water wave power — Approximate energy flux along one meter of wave crest. (ocean)
25. Buoyant force — Estimate upward force from displaced water volume. (ocean)
26. Ocean current drift — Distance carried by steady current. (ocean)
27. Sea passage duration — Simple duration estimate from distance and boat speed. (ocean)
28. Salinity PSU → percent — Convert illustrative salinity parts per thousand to mass percent. (ocean)
29. Ocean meters → fathoms — Convert depth in meters to fathoms. (ocean)
30. Seawater freezing estimate — Approximate surface seawater freezing point from salinity. (ocean)
31. Earthquake energy (joules) — Approximate seismic energy released from moment-like magnitude. (earth)
32. Magnitude amplitude ratio — Compare amplitude scale between two magnitudes. (earth)
33. Seismic energy ratio — Compare approximate earthquake energies at two magnitudes. (earth)
34. P-wave arrival estimate — Straight-line arrival time using assumed P-wave velocity. (earth)
35. S-wave arrival estimate — Straight-line arrival time using assumed S-wave velocity. (earth)
36. S−P arrival difference — Simplified difference between S- and P-wave times. (earth)
37. Tectonic plate displacement — Convert assumed plate rate and elapsed years to movement. (earth)
38. Gravity above Earth — Estimate radial reduction of gravitational acceleration. (earth)
39. Simple pendulum period — Compute ideal small-angle period. (earth)
40. Earthquake energy → TNT — Express approximate seismic energy as TNT equivalent. (earth)
41. Circular orbit speed — Approximate satellite orbital velocity around Earth. (space)
42. Circular orbit period — Compute approximate period of a circular Earth orbit. (space)
43. Escape speed — Ideal local Earth escape velocity at a given altitude. (space)
44. Orbits per solar day — Approximate revolutions a day for circular satellite. (space)
45. Satellite horizon angle — Central angle from sub-satellite point to horizon. (space)
46. Gravitational attraction — Force between two masses a fixed distance apart. (space)
47. Sunlight travel time — Light travel time for a user-selected astronomical distance. (space)
48. Inverse-square illumination — Light or radiation intensity ratio at two distances. (space)
49. Earth rotation at latitude — Approximate surface rotation speed from latitude. (space)
50. Circular orbital altitude — Estimate circular-orbit height from period. (space)